Document Type : Case Studies

Authors

1 Department of Political Sciences, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran

2 Department of Political Science,Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Hajj pilgrimage is one of the divine duties that is held every year by pilgrims. In addition to the jurisprudential issues of Hajj, the pilgrimage of Hajj has many individual, social, and political effects. This pilgrimage provides an opportunity for the pilgrims to gain spirituality. Anther role of Hajj is to create a platform for Muslims around the world to get to know each other. Professor Morteza Motahhari, as an Islamic thinker, believes that Hajj pilgrimage has great potentials for creating spirituality among Muslim societies. There is an international place (Kaaba) that belongs to all the believers of the world and also the same religious identity of the pilgrims of this holy house and some of the practices of this pilgrimage have the capacity to create real unity among Muslims. This research tries to study the role and position of Hajj pilgrimage in Professor Morteza Motahhari's thoughts by descriptive-analytical method and review the capacities of Hajj pilgrimage in creating spirituality from the perspective of Professor Morteza Motahhari.

Keywords

The Holy Quran
Abdi, A., & Zamani, S. G. (2017). Margin of Appreciation in Religious Freedom in
Light of the Jurisprudence of European Court of Human Rights. Public Law
Research, 19(55), 6182.

Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library. (2020). Spirituality.

Ahmadi, M. R. (2011). Hajj in the Mirror of Psychology (First Edit). Qom: Imam
Khomeini Educational and Research Institute.

Alexander, P., Iddrisu, M., Francis, G.-G. T., & Azizbek, A. (2020, January 1).
Islamic tourism: travel motivations, satisfaction and word of mouth, Ghana.
Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2019-0082

Almuhrzi, H. M., & Alsawafi, A. M. (2017). Muslim perspectives on spiritual and
religious travel beyond Hajj: Toward understanding motivations for Umrah
travel in Oman. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 235242.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.07.016

Amini, F. & Mohammad Jafari, R. (2020). The role of Moral Virtues in Health from
the perspective of Religious Teachings. Quran and Medicine, 5(1). Retrieved
from http://quranmed.com/article-1-334-fa.html
aidi, N. (2019). Pilgrimage to Hajj: An Information Journey. The International
Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion, 3(1), 4476.

Coleman, S. M. (2017). Pilgrimage. In Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia
Britannica, inc. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/pilgrimage-
religion

Collins-Kreiner, N., & Wall, G. (2015). Tourism and Religion: Spiritual Journeys
and Their Consequences. In S. D. Brunn (Ed.), The Changing World Religion
Map (pp. 689707). Springer.

Durán-Sánchez, A., Álvarez-García, J., & Del Río-Rama, María D.C Oliveira, C.
(2018). Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage: Bibliometric Overview. Religions,
9(249), 115.

Fani, M., Abdoljabbari, M., Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F., & Karamkhani, M. (2018).
The criteria of healthy humans from the perspective of religious texts. Journal
of Research on Religion & Health, 4(1), 104117. Retrieved from
https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ar-jrrh/article/view/23538

Giovine, M. A. Di, & Choe, J. (2019). Geographies of religion and spirituality:
pilgrimage beyond the ‘officially’ sacred. Tourism Geographies, 21(3), 361
383. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2019.1625072

Haq, F., & Jackson, J. (2009). Spiritual journey to Hajj: Australian and Pakistani
experience and expectations. Journal of Management, Spirituality \& Religion,
6(2), 141156. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766080902815155

Isgandarova, N. (2011). Effective Islamic Spiritual Care: Foundations and Practices
of Imams and Other Muslim Spiritual Caregivers. Martin Luther University
College.

Khodadadi Sangtarshani, S. A., Mirian, S. A., & Mohammad Ghasemi, H. (2020).
The components of mental health in the emotional field with emphasis on the
behavior of the Infallibles (AS). Quran and Medicine, 5(2). Retrieved from
http://quranmed.com/article-1-332-en.html

Marzband, R., Zakavi, A. Asghar, & Hosseini Karnami, H. (2015). The Influence of
Trust in God on Mental Health with an Emphasis on Quranic Teachings.
Journal of Religion and Health, 3(1), 7382. Retrieved from
http://jrh.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.html

Mat Som, A. P. (2019). Spirituality: A Way to Realise Sustainable Tourism.
International Journal of Tourism & Spirituality, 3(2), 918.

Memish, Z. A., Steffen, R., White, P., Dar, O., Azhar, E. I., Sharma, A., & Zumla,
A. (2019). Mass gatherings medicine: public health issues arising from mass
gathering religious and sporting events. The Lancet, 393(10185), 20732084.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30501-X
Mohaghegh Damad, S. M. (2011). Spiritual Foundations of Health in Islamic
Theology. Medical Ethics Journal;5(14), 51-63. Retrieved from
http://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/en-me/article/view/12851

Morovati, S., & Biranvand, Z. (2013). A New Consideration on the Meaning of
Spiritual Man in Shahid Motahhari’s View. Research Quarterly in Islamic
Ethics, 6(19), 8398.

Motahhari, M. (1991). Collection of Works (Second Edi). Tehran: Sadra
Publications.

Mutahhari, M. (2018). Spiritual discourse. (A. Pazargadi, Trans.), Islamic
Propagation Organization. Retrieved from https://www.al-islam.org/spiritual-
discourses-murtadha-mutahhari

Najafi, M. H. (1997). Points in the jurisprudence of Hajj. Journal of Jurisprudence,
4(13), 317.

Qabezi, F., Pakdaman, S., Fathabadi, J., & TavakoliHassanzadeh, M. R. (2016). The
Impacts of Pilgrimage on Positive and Negative Aspects of Loneliness among
University Students. Culture Strategy, 9(33).

Rinschede, G. (1992). Forms of religious tourism. Annals of Tourism Research,
19(1), 5167. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90106-Y

Samedaniyan, M., & Adelfar, N. (2015). Pilgrimage in the History of Religions and
Assessing the Benefits and Pitfalls. Seraje Monir, 6(20), 119147.

Sharpley, R. (2016). Tourism and Spirituality: An Evolving Relationship.
International Journal of Tourism & Spirituality, 1(1), 824.
https://doi.org/10.22133/ijts.2016.43074

Shekhol islami, M. H., & Shamsabadi, A. (2017). The Essence of Pilgrimage
Diplomacy and Iran’s Potentials in this Regard. Journal of Political and
International Research, 9(3), 141166.
Shirmohammadi, Y., & Abyaran, P. (2019). The influence of spiritual experience on
the brand of religious place. International Journal of Tourism & Spirituality,
4(1), 3355. https://doi.org/10.22133/ijts.2019.95829

Sobhani, J. (2008). The Constructive Works of Pilgrimage from the Perspective of
the Quran and Tradition. Miqat Hajj, 17(6), 110.

The Holy Quran. (n.d.).

Timothy, D., & Iverson, T. (2006). Tourism and Islam: Considerations of culture
and duty. In D. J. Timothy & D. H. Olsen (Eds.), Tourism, Religion and
Spiritual Journeys.

Timothy, D. J., & Olsen, D. H. (2006). Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Journeys.
Routledge.

Tunasar, C. (2013). Analytics driven master planning for Mecca: Increasing the
capacity while maintaining the spiritual context of HAJJ pilgrimage. In 2013
Winter Simulations Conference (WSC) (pp. 241251).
https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2013.6721423

Vaez, N. (2015). A Study of the Impact of Pilgrimage Travels on Regional Policy
and Foreign Relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with Modern Iraq.
Journal of Shiite Studies, 13(50), 181220.

Vijayanand, S. (2014). The Issues and Perspectives of Pilgrimage Tourism
Development in Thanjavur. International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality
Reviews, 1(1), 4551.

Zeinalian, M., Eshaghi, M., Naji, H., Marandi, S. M. M., & Asgary, S. (2017).
Eternal Spirituality: An Outstanding Aspect of Iranian Islamic Traditional
Medicine. Int J Complement Alt Med, 6(4), 14.

Zumla, A., Azhar, E. I., Alqahtani, S., Shafi, S., & Memish, Z. A. (2020). COVID-
19 and the scaled-down 2020 Hajj Pilgrimage-Decisive, logical and prudent
decision making by Saudi authorities overcomes pre-Hajj public health
concerns. International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official
Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 99, 3436.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.006